Both were features of Old English phonology see Phonological history of Old English § Palatalization and Germanic umlaut § I-mutation in Old English for more information. The consonant change from the Latin /k/ (spelled c) to English /tʃ/ is palatalisation. The vowel change from Latin /u/ to Old English /y/ (which became Modern English /ɪ/) is known as umlaut. The English word 'inch' ( Old English: ynce) was an early borrowing from Latin uncia ('one-twelfth Roman inch Roman ounce').
